Series vs parallel
Two ways to wire two parts. They behave very differently.
Read first: A complete loop
When you have two parts in a circuit, you can wire them in series — one after the other in the same loop — or in parallel — each on its own loop. Both work, but they behave very differently.
Series — sharing the push
When two LEDs are in series, they share the battery's voltage. Each one only gets half the push, so each one is dimmer. And if you remove one, the loop breaks and the other one goes dark too.
Parallel — each gets its own loop
When two LEDs are in parallel, each one has its own complete path back to the battery. Each gets the full voltage and full brightness. Pull one out and the other keeps going — its loop is still intact.
Two LEDs in parallel. You pull one out. What happens to the other?
Now you understand…
- Series = same loop, share the voltage, dimmer each.
- Parallel = own loops, each gets full voltage, full brightness.
- Pull one out: series chain dies, parallel keeps going.
Now learn how engineers draw circuits on paper.